INTENDED USE

This High Sensitivity Human CRP ELISA kit is to be used for the in vitro quantitative determination of human c reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in serum, plasma and cell culture supernatant. This kit is intended FOR LABORATORY RESEARCH USE only and not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

INTRODUCTION

Human CRP is a kind of nonimmunoglobulin serum substance, a heat labile b-globulin. It is classified in a superfamily of proteins termed pentaxins or pentraxins: cyclic, non-glycosylated structures composed of five apparently identical globular non-covalently linked subunits aggregated symmetrically. Each subunit is 23.05 kD (206 amino acids), with a total molecular weight of 117.5 kDa, and consists of 14 anti-parallel b-strands arranged in two b-sheets.

CRP is an acute phase protein, originally identified and named for its ability to precipitate the C-polysaccharide of pneumococcus in the presence of calcium. It is the prototypic acute phase reactant whose presence in plasma or serum serves as a useful laboratory indicator of systemic inflammatory disease. Normally, CRP in human biological fluids is present in trace amounts (0.07-8.00 mg/L, median 0.6 mg/L). Stimulated by certain cytokines (IL-1a, IL-1b, TNF-a and b, and indirectly by IL-6), its synthesis by hepatocytes enhanced dramatically. During the acute phase response, CRP concentration can increase up to 1000-fold within a few hours.

Among acute phase proteins, CRP is a fast-reacting, sensitive and the most easily measured one. It has a rapid response time, short half-life and large incremental change and its catabolism is not affected by the type of inflammation. Following acute tissue damage or during the course of infectious and non-infectious conditions, hepatic synthesis of CRP dramatically increases. Typically, mild elevations of CRP are seen in a variety of inflammatory conditions. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is another major acute phase protein whose response is highly correlated with that of CRP. Both CRP and SAA respond sensitively to several stimuli, but they differ in certain responses.

CITATIONS

1.Mong MC, Hsia TC, Yin MC. Dietary trans fats enhance doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. J Food Sci. 2013 Oct;78(10):H1621-8.

2.Lin MC, Yin MC et al. Preventive effects of ellagic acid against doxorubicin-induced cardio-toxicity in mice. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2013 Sep;13(3):185-93.

3.White LJ et al. Cardiovascular/non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus risk factors and intramyocellular lipid in healthy subjects: a sex comparison. Metabolism. 2006 Jan;55(1):128-34.

4.Franiak-Pietryga I et al. Anti-inflammatory and hypolipemic effects in vitro of simvastatin comparing to epicatechin in patients with type-2 hypercholesterolemia. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Feb;47(2):393-7.

5.Liu WH, Liu TC, Yin MC. Beneficial effects of histidine and carnosine on ethanol-induced chronic liver injury. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 May;46(5):1503-9.

6.Gabriele Wehrwein et al. Lipopolysaccharide regulated protein expression is only partly impaired in monocytes from patients with type I diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2006; 5: 5.

7.Sabine Abke et al. Adiponectin-induced secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1, CCL2) and interleukin-8 (IL-8, CXCL8) is impaired in monocytes from patients with type I diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2006; 5: 17.

8. Lin CY et al. Anticoagulatory, antiinflammatory, and antioxidative effects of protocatechuic acid in diabetic mice. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Aug 12;57(15):6661-7.

9.Teoh H et al. Impaired endothelial function in C-reactive protein overexpressing mice. Atherosclerosis. 2008 Dec;201(2):318-25.

10.Reilly L, Nausch N, Midzi N, Mduluza T, Mutapi F.Association between Micronutrients (Vitamin A, D, Iron) and Schistosome-Specific Cytokine Responses in Zimbabweans Exposed to Schistosoma haematobium. J Parasitol Res 2012; (2012):128628.

11.Khan A, Ali Z.Normal Ranges for Acute Phase Reactants (Interleukin-6, Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha and C-reactive Protein) in Umbilical Cord Blood of Healthy Term Neonates at the Mount Hope Women"s Hospital, Trinidad. West Indian Med J 2014; 5(63):465-9.

12. Emokpae MA, Aruomaren A, Osime E.Relationship between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Inflammatory Markers in Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients with Proteinuria. Med Sci (Basel) 2016; 3(4):.

13. Chen LC, Hu LH, Yin MC.Alleviative effects from boswellic acid on acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2017; 7(2):13.